To examine the relationship between systems and different branches of science, it is important to understand how different systems work and how they are created.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Science allows us to understand the world around us and helps us to develop systems that solve our problems. The systems that we encounter are either natural (like galaxies, and living organisms) or artificial (like machines, and institutions).
Relationship between Systems and Different Branches of Science
Our understanding of everything in the universe comes from studying systems found in our environment. These include the stars above us or the phone in our pocket. It is the science that gives us the tools and methods to understand or create these systems and thus enhance our knowledge.
What is Knowledge?
Knowledge refers to our understanding of various systems in the universe. These systems include those around us and within us.
What is Science?
Science also means knowledge, however, it is the systematic approach to confirm and expand our understanding.
Classification of Science
Science can be broadly categorised into two main types:
- Natural Science
Focuses on observing and understanding existing systems in the natural world.
- Design Science
Emphasises creating new systems (artefacts) to solve problems or fulfil specific goals.
Both types study systems, but with different approaches. Also, each science follows its scientific methodology.
Natural Science
It aims to uncover the objectivity and functionality of natural systems in the physical world.
It is descriptive. It means, that in natural science, scientists aim to describe and explain phenomena as they occur.
Empirical Cycle of Natural Science
To achieve the desired goals, natural scientists follow the empirical cycle, which includes certain steps (shown in the figure).
Example
Studying the ecosystem of a forest to understand how different species interact.
Design Science
It focuses on the construction and upgrading of artefacts—such as tools, systems, and methods.
It is prescriptive. It means that it aims to guide the design of new systems to achieve specific objectives.
Regulative Cycle of Design Science
Design scientists also follow a systematic approach, called the regulative cycle which involves the following steps (shown in the figure).
Example
Developing a new software system to manage forest data and improve conservation efforts.
Computer Science
Computer science (CS) is the study of computers and computation. It answers the question like;
- How do computers work?
- What computer can do?
- What are its limitations?
CS integrates both natural and design sciences approaches.
Natural Science in CS
This aspect of CS focuses on discovering the basic principles and rules that govern computer systems.
It often involves analysing the algorithm of existing systems to understand how they function.
Study of Algorithms
Study of algorithms are the key focus of the study of this science in CS. Here, researchers examine various algorithms to assess their efficiency and limitations.
Example
An example of this science in CS is analysing sorting algorithms such as Quicksort and MergeSort. This helps us to understand how fast they work with different types of data.
Design Science in CS
The design science in CS is centred on developing and improving computer systems and tools.
Development of New Software Tools
The key focus of this science in CS is creating innovative applications or programming languages to address specific needs.
Example
Designing a new programming language that enhances security and usability for developers is an example of this.
Improvement of Existing Systems
Another key focus of this science in CS is enhancing the performance, scalability, and reliability of existing systems.
Example
The development of a more efficient database management system that is capable of handling larger datasets with improved speed and accuracy is an example of it.
Difference between Natural and Design Sciences in CS
Conclusion
Science plays a key role in our understanding of systems. It is a way to connect the theory with the practice. It is of no importance whether systems are found in nature or created by humans.
By using both natural and design sciences, we can study existing systems and design new ones to address the challenges we face.
In CS, this combination is especially important. The reason is, that it helps us not only to understand how computers work but also how to improve them for better performance and usability.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is a system in science?
A system is a set of interacting parts. A system can be either natural like organisms or artificial like machines. It is the science that helps us to understand or build these systems.
How does science relate to systems?
Science studies how systems work or help create new ones. It gives us tools to solve real-world problems.
What are the two simplified branches of science?
The two branches of science are natural and design sciences. The former explains existing systems, and the latter creates new ones.
What does science of nature focus on?
It describes and explains the systems in the nature through observation and experimentation. It follows the empirical cycle.
Can you give an example of science of nature in action?
Yes. An example of a this system is the study of how animals interact in a forest ecosystem. It helps us understand the balance of nature.
What does science of design aim to do?
It builds new systems or tools to meet specific goals. It follows the regulative cycle for problem-solving.
How is science of design used in real life?
Developing a mobile app for forest monitoring is a good example. It’s made to solve a real-world issue.
What is the role of CS in the context of this blog?
CS combines both branches—understanding systems and designing new ones. It studies computers and how to improve them.
How does science of nature apply to CS?
It analyses algorithms and system behaviour. For example, studying how sorting algorithms perform on data.
How does science of design apply in CS?
It is about creating or improving tools like databases or languages. For instance, building software for better security.